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1 Mitscherlich, Alexander
SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing[br]b. 28 May 1836 Berlin, Germanyd. 31 May 1918 Oberstdorf, Germany[br]German inventor of sulphite wood pulp for papermaking.[br]Mitscherlich had an impeccable scientific background; his father was the celebrated chemist Eilhardt Mitscherlich, discoverer of the law of isomorphism, and his godfather was Alexander von Humboldt. At first his progress at school failed to live up to this auspicious beginning and his father would only sanction higher studies if he first qualified as a teacher so as to assure a means of livelihood. Alexander rose to the occasion and went on to gain his doctorate at the age of 25 in the field of mineralogical chemistry. He worked for a few years as Assistant to the distinguished chemists Wöhler in Göttingen and Wurtz in Paris. On his father's death in 1863, he succeeded him as teacher of chemistry in the University of Berlin. In 1868 he accepted a post in the newly established Forest Academy in Hannoversch-Munden, teaching chemistry, physics and geology. The post offered little financial advantage, but it left him more time for research. It was there that he invented the process for producing sulphite wood pulp.The paper industry was seeking new raw materials. Since the 1840s pulp had been produced mechanically from wood, but it was unsuitable for making fine papers. From the mid-1860s several chemists began tackling the problem of separating the cellulose fibres from the other constituents of wood by chemical means. The American Benjamin C.Tilghman was granted patents in several countries for the treatment of wood with acid or bisulphite. Carl Daniel Ekman in Sweden and Karl Kellner in Austria also made sulphite pulp, but the credit for devising the process that came into general use belongs to Mitscherlich. His brother Oskar came to him at the Academy with plans for producing pulp by the action of soda, but the results were inferior, so Mitscherlich substituted calcium bisulphite and in the laboratory obtained good results. To extend this to a large-scale process, he was forced to set up his own mill, where he devised the characteristic towers for making the calcium bisulphite, in which water trickling down through packed lime met a rising current of sulphur dioxide. He was granted a patent in Luxembourg in 1874 and a German one four years later. The sulphite process did not make him rich, for there was considerable opposition to it; government objected to the smell of sulphur dioxide, forestry authorities were anxious about the inroads that might be made into the forests and his patents were contested. In 1883, with the support of an inheritance from his mother, Mitscherlich resigned his post at the Academy to devote more time to promoting his invention. In 1897 he at last succeeded in settling the patent disputes and achieving recognition as the inventor of sulphite pulp. Without this raw material, the paper industry could never have satisfied the insatiable appetite of the newspaper presses.[br]Further ReadingH.Voorn "Alexander Mitscherlich, inventor of sulphite wood pulp", Paper Maker 23(1): 41–4.LRDBiographical history of technology > Mitscherlich, Alexander
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2 Mitscherlich Alexander
Мичерлих Александр (1908-1982), социолог, психоаналитик, руководитель научно-исследовательского института им. Зигмунда Фрейда (Франкфурт-на-Майне). Удостоен премии мира Немецких книгоиздателей (Friedenspreis des Deutschen Buchhandels). Написал монографию "Угрюмость наших городов", несколько книг в соавторстве со своей женой, в частности, "Неспособность скорбеть", в которой исследуется проблема отношения населения Германии к истории третьего рейха ▲ "Die Unwirtlichkeit unserer Staedte", "Die Unfähigkeit zu trauern" → Drittes ReichГермания. Лингвострановедческий словарь > Mitscherlich Alexander
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3 Paper and printing
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Biro, Laszlo JoszefBi ShengCai LunKlic, KarolSong YingxingStanhope, Charles
См. также в других словарях:
Alexander Mitscherlich — Alexander Harbord Mitscherlich (* 20. September 1908 in München; † 26. Juni 1982 in Frankfurt am Main) war ein deutscher Arzt, Psychoanalytiker und Schriftsteller. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Familie 2 Leben 3 … Deutsch Wikipedia
Alexander Mitscherlich (Chemiker) — Alexander Mitscherlich (* 28. Mai 1836 in Berlin; † 31. Mai 1918 in Oberstdorf) war ein deutscher Chemiker und Unternehmer. Er gilt als einer der Erfinder des Sulfitverfahrens, das eine bessere und billigere Produktion von Zellstoff aus Holz… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Alexander Mitscherlich — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Mitscherlich. Alexander Mitscherlich (20 septembre 1908 à Munich – 26 juin 1982 à Francfort) est un psychanalyste allemand connu pour ses travaux sur la psychosomatique. Il s est aussi penché sur la socio… … Wikipédia en Français
Mitscherlich — ist der Familienname folgender Personen: Alexander Mitscherlich (1908–1982), deutscher Psychoanalytiker Alexander Mitscherlich (Chemiker) (1836–1918), deutscher Chemiker und Fabrikant Andrea Ehrig Mitscherlich (* 1960), deutsche… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Mitscherlich — is a Germanic surname which may refer to: Alexander Mitscherlich (1836–1918), a German chemist Alexander Mitscherlich (1908–1982), a German psychiatrist Andrea Ehrig Mitscherlich (born 1 December 1960), a former German speed skater Christoph… … Wikipedia
Alexander Mitscherlich (psychology) — Alexander Mitscherlich (September 20, 1908 – June 26, 1982) was a German Psychologist. Born in Munich, he was a Professor of Psychology at the University of Frankfurt, and in 1969 he was awarded the Peace Prize of the German Book Trade.He died in … Wikipedia
Alexander William Williamson — Alexander William Williamson. Alexander William Williamson (* 1. Mai 1824 in Wandsworth; † 6. Mai 1904 in Haslemere) war ein britischer Chemiker des 19. Jahrhunderts, der vor allem durch die nach ihm benannte Ethersynthese bekannt wurde … Deutsch Wikipedia
Mitscherlich — Mitscherlich, Eilhard, Chemiker, geb. 7. Jan. 1794 in Neuende bei Jever, 1821 Prof. in Berlin, gest. 28. Aug. 1863 in Schöneberg bei Berlin, entdeckte den Isomorphismus und den Dimorphismus, die Selensäure, die Übermangansäure, eine Methode zum… … Kleines Konversations-Lexikon
Alexandre Mitscherlich — Alexander Mitscherlich Pour les articles homonymes, voir Mitscherlich. Alexander Mitscherlich (20 septembre 1908 à Munich – 26 juin 1982 à Francfort) est un psychanalyste allemand connu pour ses travaux sur la psychosomatique. Il s est aussi… … Wikipédia en Français
Mitscherlich — Mịtscherlich, 1) Alexander, Chemiker, * Berlin 28. 5. 1836, ✝ Oberstdorf 31. 5. 1918, Sohn von 3), Vater von 5); Professor in Münden (1868 83); führte 1878 ein technisch brauchbares Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Zellstoff aus Holz… … Universal-Lexikon
Alexander Mitscherlich — This article is about the chemist. Go to Alexander Mitscherlich (Psychology) for the psychologist. Alexander Mitscherlich (28 May, 1836 in Berlin – 31 May, 1918 in Oberstdorf) was a German chemist. His most important work was in the field of… … Wikipedia
